Oral Health and Pregnancy

Pregnant women who practice good oral hygiene and consult with their dentist and medical doctor are considerably less likely to experience problems throughout the term of their pregnancy. Oral health and general health are interrelated, as are the health of mother and child.

There are unique considerations for expectant mothers when it comes to oral health. Poor or neglected dental care during this sensitive time could have serious consequences for the mother and baby.

Teeth and gums are more susceptible to bacterial accumulation due to an associated increase in hormone levels during pregnancy. Proper dental care is essential before, during and after pregnancy to safeguard the health of the mother and that of her unborn child. The risk of pregnancy complications is increased if dental conditions are left untreated.

Pregnancy Related Dental Conditions

Below are a few oral conditions associated with pregnancy. These conditions can be avoided through adequate oral hygiene and regular dental professional check-ups.

• Pregnancy Gingivitis: Pregnancy gingivitis is a common condition affecting women during pregnancy. It is caused as a result of bacteria between your teeth. It can be managed if diagnosed early enough. Symptoms include:
  • Bleeding, red, swollen or tender gums
  • Bad breath
  • Receding gums
• Periodontal Disease: Gingivitis, if left untreated, may progress into periodontal disease. This is a disease that results in the deterioration of bone and surrounding gum tissue. Symptoms are more advanced than gingivitis and include:
  • Bleeding and inflamed gums
  • Teeth feeling loose
  • Infection and pus along the gums
  • Chronic bad breath (halitosis)
  • Tooth loss
  • Change in bite

  Quite often there are little symptoms early on for periodontal disease. However, the disease is still silently causing erosion of your gums and supporting bone structure.

  Periodontal disease during pregnancy poses an increased risk for pre-term labor and low birth weight babies.

• Pregnancy Tumors (Pyogenic Granulomas): These are tumors that typically form between the teeth, or the papilla. Pregnancy tumors can be uncomfortable, however, they are easily removed by the dentist.

Dental Visit Considerations During Pregnancy

Dental care performed during pregnancy should be limited to that of a routine nature. Invasive restorative and cosmetic procedures should be avoided. During your second trimester, it is important that you visit your dentist for an oral hygiene check up and professional dental cleaning. Oral/gum infections need to be treated during pregnancy to prevent spreading throughout the body and increasing the risk for complications.

Dental Treatments to Avoid During Pregnancy

There are a number of dental procedures that should be avoided during pregnancy, which include:

• X-rays: Even though the amount of radiation is small for dental X-rays, they are not recommended during pregnancy.  Severe infections may be one exception, where the mother and fetus are well protected with lead aprons.
• Extensive Dental Work: Long, extensive dental procedures for restorative and cosmetic reasons are not recommended during pregnancy. Sitting for long periods in the dental chair puts increased pressure on the major blood vessel that supplies blood to the expectant mother’s lower extremities which can make her feel faint.

Home Care for Pregnant Women

• Brush and Floss: Brush and floss three times a day to prevent the accumulation of bacteria on and around the teeth.
• Morning Sickness and Vomiting Aids: Morning sickness and vomiting may be improved with a warm water or antibacterial mouthwash rinse. Baking soda used as toothpaste has been known to relieve an upset stomach; however, check with your doctor before using baking soda during pregnancy, especially if you have high blood pressure.
• A Healthy Diet: A diet for healthy gums during pregnancy includes calcium, B12 and vitamin C.